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Girvan, Erik J.; McIntosh, Kent; Santiago-Rosario, Maria R. – School Psychology Review, 2021
This study examined the extent to which disparities in Black and White students' risks of receiving office discipline referrals (ODRs), and out-of-school suspensions (OSSs) were related to differences in implicit and explicit racial biases assessed at the community level. The sample consisted of discipline records for 1,354,010 students enrolled…
Descriptors: Correlation, Racial Bias, Community Attitudes, Suspension
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Mercer, Sterett H.; McIntosh, Kent; Strickland-Cohen, M. Kathleen; Horner, Robert H. – School Psychology Quarterly, 2014
The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which the School-Wide Universal Behavior Sustainability Index: School Teams (SUBSIST; McIntosh, Doolittle, Vincent, Horner, & Ervin, 2009), a measure of school and district contextual factors that promote the sustainability of school practices, demonstrated measurement invariance across…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Positive Reinforcement, Teaching Methods, Sustainability
Mercer, Sterett H.; McIntosh, Kent; Strickland-Cohen, M. Kathleen; Horner, Robert H. – Grantee Submission, 2014
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which the School-wide Universal Behavior Sustainability Index: School Teams (SUBSIST; McIntosh, Doolittle, Vincent, Horner, & Ervin, 2009), a measure of school and district contextual factors that promote the sustainability of school practices, demonstrated measurement invariance…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Positive Reinforcement, Teaching Methods, Sustainability
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Gietz, Carmen; McIntosh, Kent – Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 2014
This study examined student perceptions of their school environment (specifically, safety and inclusion in the school, experiences being bullied, and clear expectations for behaviour) and their relation with academic achievement at the school level. Participants were students in 969 elementary schools and 73 middle schools who took part in a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Student Attitudes, Educational Environment, School Safety