Consistency in the title, problem, purpose, and research question improve the logic and transparency of research. When these components of research are aligned research design and planning are more coherent and research reports are more readable. This article reviews the process for checking for and improving consistency. Numerous examples of…

Over the last few years, there has been evolution, although not a linear one, that has progressed from an emphasis on statistical significance to an emphasis on effect size to an emphasis on both of these concepts to what is believed to be a pragmatic emphasis on replicability. This paper presented two methods of estimating a study's replicability…

This article presents two methods of estimating a study's replicability that researchers should consider reporting along with their statistical significant and effect size findings. One method of estimating the replicability of the findings deals with replication in the exact same system. The second method, which may contain subjective probability…