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Direct linkTone, Erin B.; Goodfellow, Stephanie; Nowicki, Stephen, Jr. – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2012
In a prospective longitudinal study the authors examined the associations between parent locus of control of reinforcement (LOCR), measured before the birth of a child, and behavioral-emotional outcomes in that child at age 7 years. A total of 307 couples completed questionnaires regarding their emotional status and LOCR at their first prenatal…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Children, Longitudinal Studies, Questionnaires
Peer reviewedWichern, Frank; Nowicki, Stephen, Jr. – Developmental Psychology, 1976
This study showed an association between early independence training and internal locus of control in a cross-sectional, relatively diffuse, low- to middle-class subject population. (JMB)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Child Rearing, Discipline, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewedNowicki, Stephen, Jr. – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1979
Investigates sex differences in independence-training practices as a function of locus of control orientation. Subjects were 60 twelve-year-old children. (CM)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Locus of Control, Mothers
Peer reviewedCarton, John S.; Nowicki, Stephen, Jr. – Journal of Social Psychology, 1996
Suggests that children who have experienced personal autonomy sufficient to develop a sense of responsibility for the consequences of their actions tend to experience less stress and receive more affectionate treatment from their mothers. Briefly summarizes previous research that supports these findings. (MJP)
Descriptors: Child Rearing, Cognitive Development, Decision Making, Individual Power
