Sigmund Freund worked with the mechanisms of displacement, substitution, and sublimation. These mechanisms have many similarities and have been studied diagnostically and therapeutically. Displacement and substitution seem to fit in well with phobias, hysterias, somatiyations, prejudices, and scapegoating. Phobias, prejudices, and scapegoating seem to be related to projection, also. N. E. Miller did analogue-studies of displacement and substitution with rats, combining psychoanalytic and learning principles. The investigations included in this bibliography range from the middle 1930's to the middle 1960'2. (Author)