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Developmental Changes in Children's Awareness of Strategies for Coping with Uncontrollable Stress.
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Altshuler, Jennifer L.; Ruble, Diane N. – Child Development, 1989
Investigated awareness of strategies for coping with uncontrollable stress of 72 children of 5-12 years. Children mentioned approach strategies infrequently. Findings showed an age increase in the proportion of cognitive distraction strategies suggested. Behavioral distraction strategies were most frequently suggested by children of all ages. (RJC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Children, Coping
The Role of Gender Constancy in Early Gender Development
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Ruble, Diane N.; Taylor, Lisa J.; Cyphers, Lisa; Greulich, Faith K.; Lurye, Leah E.; Shrout, Patrick E. – Child Development, 2007
Kohlberg's (1966) hypothesis that the attainment of gender constancy motivates children to attend to gender norms was reevaluated by examining these links in relation to age. Ninety-four 3- to 7-year-old children were interviewed to assess whether and how constancy mediates age-related changes in gender-related beliefs. As expected, results…
Descriptors: Sexual Identity, Childhood Attitudes, Social Behavior, Child Development
Children's Approaches to Tasks, Self-Perceptions, and Use of Relevant External Cues.
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Ruble, Diane N. – 1972
A proposed study of the differences in the way children perceive, approach, and behave in problem-solving situations is described. The behavioral measure to be used is "glancing," which has been related to outerdirectedness. Children will be given two sets of two puzzles to put together. On the basis of the number of glances and the situation in…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Age Differences, Child Development, Cognitive Development
Outerdirectedness as a Problem-solving Approach in Relation to Developmental Level and Selected Task Variables
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Ruble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – Child Development, 1973
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Expectation
Conflicting Goals in Self-Evaluative Information Seeking: Developmental and Ability Level Analyses
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Ruble, Diane N.; Flett, Gordon L. – Child Development, 1988
Examines developmental changes in the resolution of conflicting goals involved in self-evaluation among children entering second, fourth, and sixth grades who represent high, medium, and low ability levels in arithmetic. Results are discussed in terms of strategies for balancing self-assessment with self-enhancement needs. (Author/RWB)
Descriptors: Ability Identification, Age Differences, Arithmetic, Child Development
Outerdirectedness as a Problem-Solving Approach in Relation to Developmental Level and Selected Task Variables.
PDF on ERIC Download full text
Ruble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – 1972
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and his collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, effects of different types of reinforcement, effects of task difficulty, and pride…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Behavioral Science Research, Child Development, Cognitive Development