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Coryn, Chris L. S.; Hattie, John A.; Scriven, Michael; Hartmann, David J. – American Journal of Evaluation, 2007
This research describes, classifies, and comparatively evaluates national models and mechanisms used to evaluate research and allocate research funding in 16 countries. Although these models and mechanisms vary widely in terms of how research is evaluated and financed, nearly all share the common characteristic of relating funding to some measure…
Descriptors: Ethics, Evaluation Methods, Comparative Analysis, Resource Allocation
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Scriven, Michael – Evaluation Practice, 1996
The formative-summative distinction in evaluation is defended as a reasonable way to classify evaluation activities. Context ultimately defines the formative or summative functions of evaluation. The characteristics of an evaluator are defined, and points of agreement with the other contributors to the forum are noted. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, Context Effect, Definitions, Evaluation Methods