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Inhibition, Reinforcement Sensitivity and Temporal Information Processing in ADHD and ADHD+ODD: Evidence of a Separate Entity?
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Luman, Marjolein; van Noesel, Steffen J. P.; Papanikolau, Alky; Van Oostenbruggen-Scheffer, Janneke; Veugelers, Diane; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Oosterlaan, Jaap – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2009
This study compared children with ADHD-only, ADHD+ODD and normal controls (age 8-12) on three key neurocognitive functions: response inhibition, reinforcement sensitivity, and temporal information processing. The goal was twofold: (a) to investigate neurocognitive impairments in children with ADHD-only and children with ADHD+ODD, and (b) to test…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Inhibition, Rewards, Cognitive Processes
How Distinctive Are ADHD and RD? Results of a Double Dissociation Study
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de Jong, Christien G. W.; Van De Voorde, Severine; Roeyers, Herbert; Raymaekers, Ruth; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2009
The nature of the comorbidity between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disability (RD) was examined using a double dissociation design. Children were between 8 and 12 years of age and entered into four groups: ADHD only (n = 24), ADHD+RD (n = 29), RD only (n = 41) and normal controls (n = 26). In total, 120 children…
Descriptors: Hyperactivity, Inhibition, Short Term Memory, Language Processing
Comorbid Problems in ADHD: Degree of Association, Shared Endophenotypes, and Formation of Distinct Subtypes. Implications for a Future "DSM"
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Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; Fliers, Ellen A.; Martin, Neilson C.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Hartman, Catharina A.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Faraone, Stephen V.; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Oosterlaan, Jaap – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2009
We aimed to assess which comorbid problems (oppositional defiant behaviors, anxiety, autistic traits, motor coordination problems, and reading problems) were most associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); to determine whether these comorbid problems shared executive and motor problems on an endophenotype level with ADHD; and…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Siblings, Hyperactivity, Anxiety
Neuropsychological Correlates of Emotional Lability in Children with ADHD
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Banaschewski, Tobias; Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine; Brandeis, Daniel; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Kuntsi, Jonna; Poustka, Luise; Sergeant, Joseph A.; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.; Frazier-Wood, Alexis C.; Albrecht, Bjorn; Chen, Wai; Uebel, Henrik; Schlotz, Wolff; van der Meere, Jaap J.; Gill, Michael; Manor, Iris; Miranda, Ana; Mulas, Fernando; Oades, Robert D.; Roeyers, Herbert; Rothenberger, Aribert; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Faraone, Stephen V.; Asherson, Philip – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2012
Background: Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Siblings, Severity (of Disability), Patients
Decision-Making in ADHD: Sensitive to Frequency but Blind to the Magnitude of Penalty?
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Luman, Marjolein; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Knol, Dirk L.; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008
Background: Decision-making and reinforcement sensitivity were investigated in 23 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls using a gambling paradigm. Methods: Children were required to choose between three alternatives that carried (A) small rewards and small penalties (advantageous), (B) large rewards and increasing penalties and (C) small…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Response Style (Tests), Attention Deficit Disorders, Rewards
Are Motor Inhibition and Cognitive Flexibility Dead Ends in ADHD?
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Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; de Sonneville, Leo M. J.; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Buitelaar, Jan; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2007
Executive dysfunction has been postulated as the core deficit in ADHD, although many deficits in lower order cognitive processes have also been identified. By obtaining an appropriate baseline of lower order cognitive functioning light may be shed on as to whether executive deficits result from problems in lower order and/or higher order cognitive…
Descriptors: Siblings, Reaction Time, Inhibition, Attention Deficit Disorders
Time Reproduction in Children with ADHD and Their Nonaffected Siblings
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Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Buitelaar, Jan; Faraone, Stephen V.; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007
Objective: Time reproduction is deficient in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether this deficit is familial and could therefore serve as a candidate endophenotype has not been previously investigated. It is unknown whether timing deficits are also measurable in adolescent children with ADHD and nonaffected…
Descriptors: Siblings, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Time
Motor Control in Children with ADHD and Non-Affected Siblings: Deficits Most Pronounced Using the Left Hand
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Rommelse, Nanda N. J.; Altink, Marieke E.; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Buschgens, Cathelijne J. M.; Buitelaar, Jan; De Sonneville, Leo M. J.; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2007
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly influenced by heritability. Identifying heritable vulnerability traits (endophenotypes) that mark a relatively high risk of developing the disorder can contribute to the identification of risk genes. A fruitful area for the search for such endophenotypes may be motor control…
Descriptors: Siblings, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Pathology
The Stroop Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Interference Control in AD/HD
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Van Mourik, Rosa; Oosterlaan, Jaap; Sergeant, Joseph A. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2005
Background: An inhibition deficit, including poor interference control, has been implicated as one of the core deficits in AD/HD. Interference control is clinically measured by the Stroop Colour-Word Task. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the strength of an interference deficit in AD/HD as measured by the Stroop Colour-Word Task…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Control Groups, Intelligence, Young Adults