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Bruck, Maggie; Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1976
A conference was held in Montreal in November 1975 which focused on research related to the immersion approach to second language teaching. Background information and purposes of the conference are given. (RM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Conferences, FLES, French

Swain, Merrill – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1981
Describes immersion education as practiced in Canada, outlining immersion programs' background, structure, methodology, and outcomes. Suggests that, to achieve the outcomes of immersion education developed for majority language groups, some minority language groups may require programs beginning in the first language and continuing in both the…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, English, FLES, French

Barik, Henri C.; Swain, Merrill – Modern Language Journal, 1974
Presents findings of an evaluation of an English-French bilingual education program using partial instruction in the second language in St. Thomas, Ontario. The evaluation covers grades 1-3. The program operates in unilingual English environment. (RM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, FLES, French, Language Instruction

Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1976
This bibliography lists articles on bilingual education and elementary level French immersion programs for English-speaking children. (RM)
Descriptors: Bibliographies, Bilingual Education, Educational Research, FLES

Barik, Henri C.; Swain, Merrill – Modern Language Journal, 1976
This paper presents the results of an evaluation of a bilingual education program for English-speaking pupils, grades 1-4, in Ontario. It is a partial French immersion program, with instruction in French or English half of each day. Evaluative tests are described, and English and French language skills examined. (CHK)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Schools, Elementary Education, English

Swain, Merrill; And Others – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1976
Research is presented in support of the theory that early French immersion of English-speaking children leads to bilingualism. The evidence is limited to children through the end of grade four. Comments and criticisms are made by three guest analysts. (RM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Elementary Education, FLES

Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Modern Language Journal, 1989
A review of the research on Canadian immersion programs supports two notions regarding second language learning: (1) older learners may have as much learning success as younger learners, and in a shorter time period; and (2) integration of content teaching and language teaching is paramount in effective second language instruction. (29 references)…
Descriptors: Adult Learning, Adult Students, Age Differences, Comparative Analysis