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Swain, Merrill – Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 2000
Discusses two questions: (1) What has the recent research conducted in French immersion programs in Canada contributed to understanding of second language acquisition?; and (2) What has it contributed to the broader field of applied linguistics? Considers research in the coming decade, and discusses obstacles that may be faced in Canada in…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, French
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1974
A study indicates that students in French immersion programs in Canadian schools achieve superior progress in French and equal skill in English relative to students in partial immersion classes or traditional second-language study. (CK)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism, English
Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – 1981
This report constitutes a synthesis of 10 years of research which was conducted to assist Ontario boards of education in implementing and evaluating French immersion programs in their jurisdictions. The immersion programs evaluated include three major alternatives: (1) the early total French immersion programs of the Carleton, Ottawa, and Toronto…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Immersion Programs
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Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Foreign Language Annals, 2004
One of the advantages of having students work in pairs on language-related tasks is that teachers and researchers can listen to what the students say as they carry out their assigned tasks. What they say offers insights into the students' beliefs about the target language they are learning and using, and reflects the cognitive processes they use…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Cognitive Processes, Immersion Programs, French
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1993
Some views on and implications of "the output hypothesis," which proposes that the process of producing written or spoken language results in language acquisition/learning, for immersion pedagogy and second-language learning are discussed. The role of collaborative learning is considered. (Contains 14 references.) (LB)
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Immersion Programs, Language Processing, Language Research
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2001
Offers immersion classroom data focusing on the use of collaborative tasks related to the content to be learned that draw learners attention to formal properties of French. Such tasks provide both oral practice and lead to more accurate language use. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Cooperation, Foreign Countries, French, Immersion Programs
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1976
This bibliography lists articles on bilingual education and elementary level French immersion programs for English-speaking children. (RM)
Descriptors: Bibliographies, Bilingual Education, Educational Research, FLES
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Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Language Teaching Research, 2000
Focuses on the uses of the first language (L1) made by 22 pairs of Grade 8 French immersion students as they complete one of two different tasks: a dictogloss and a jigsaw. The outcome of each task is a story written by each pair. Proposes a coding scheme for the uses made of the (L1) and reports on an exploratory analysis intended to describe…
Descriptors: English, French, Grade 8, Immersion Programs
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1981
Describes research on core, extended, and immersion French as a second language programs in Canada over the past decade. Results show older learners tend to be more efficient learners in some aspects of second language learning, but there may be some advantages to starting earlier in an intensive program. (BK)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, French, Immersion Programs, Indo European Languages
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Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill; Smith, Monika – Modern Language Journal, 2002
Examines a subset of collaborative dialogues that occurred in a a multistage task where Canadian Grade 7 French immersion students worked together in pairs. Each pair wrote a story, noticed differences between their text and a reformulator's revision, and reflected on their noticing. Traces development of the target language (French), with…
Descriptors: Cooperation, Dialogs (Language), Foreign Countries, French
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Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – Applied Linguistics, 1995
The results of a study involving 18 students from a grade 8 early French immersion class support the argument that in producing a second language, learners will on occasion become aware of a linguistic problem and modify their output. (41 references) (MDM)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Elementary Education, French, Grade 8
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Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – International Journal of Educational Research, 2002
This article documents the importance of collaborative dialogue as part of the process of second language learning. The stimulus for the dialogue we discuss in this article was a reformulation of a story written collaboratively in French by Nina and Dara, two adolescent French immersion students. A sociocultural theoretical perspective informs the…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Test Construction, French, Immersion Programs
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Swain, Merrill; And Others – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1976
Research is presented in support of the theory that early French immersion of English-speaking children leads to bilingualism. The evidence is limited to children through the end of grade four. Comments and criticisms are made by three guest analysts. (RM)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Elementary Education, FLES
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Lapkin, Sharon; Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1996
Shows how one teacher skillfully integrates vocabulary instruction with his subject matter teaching. The teacher links the target vocabulary to the students' experiences and concentrates on word meanings and their written and oral forms and syntactic behavior, pushing students to accurate use of the words in context. (12 references) (Author/CK)
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Elementary School Students, Foreign Countries, French
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Swain, Merrill – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1978
A discussion of three possible formats of a bilingual education program: early total immersion, early partial immersion and late partial immersion. A French cloze test was used to evaluate the lead group of students in each program. A tentative conclusion is drawn in favor of the early total immersion program. (AMH)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Elementary Secondary Education, French, Immersion Programs
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