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Download full textHasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Online Submission, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum--based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Curriculum Based Assessment, Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Test Norms
Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2017
This paper is about oral reading fluency, how it has been measured, the students who have been measured, and the outcomes that have been reported for both performance and progress. This measurement system has almost become ubiquitous with documentation of response to intervention in reading and become a focal point of research on reading. Fluency…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Outcomes of Education, Educational Research
Hasbrouck, Jan; Tindal, Gerald – Behavioral Research and Teaching, 2017
This paper describes the origins of the widely used curriculum-based measure of oral reading fluency (ORF) and how the creation and use of ORF norms has evolved over time. Norms for ORF can be used to help educators make decisions about which students might need intervention in reading and to help monitor students' progress once instruction has…
Descriptors: Oral Reading, Reading Fluency, Curriculum Based Assessment, Emergent Literacy
