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Direct linkHughes, Jan N.; West, Stephen G.; Kim, Hanjoe; Bauer, Shelby S. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2018
This 14-year prospective study investigated the effect of retention in Grades 1-5 on high school completion (diploma, GED, or drop out). Participants were 734 (52.7% males) ethnically diverse, academically at-risk students recruited from Texas schools into the study when they were in first grade (mean age = 6.57). Propensity score weighting…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Elementary School Students, High School Graduates, Graduation Rate
Moser, Stephanie E.; West, Stephen G.; Hughes, Jan N. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2012
This study investigated the effects of retention or promotion in 1st grade on growth trajectories in mathematics and reading achievement over the elementary school years (Grades 1-5). From a large multiethnic sample (n = 784) of children who were below the median in literacy at school entrance, 363 children who were either promoted (n = 251) or…
Descriptors: Reading Achievement, School Holding Power, Mathematics Achievement, Low Achievement
Thoemmes, Felix J.; West, Stephen G. – Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2011
In this article we propose several modeling choices to extend propensity score analysis to clustered data. We describe different possible model specifications for estimation of the propensity score: single-level model, fixed effects model, and two random effects models. We also consider both conditioning within clusters and conditioning across…
Descriptors: Probability, Scores, Statistical Analysis, Models
Wu, Wei; West, Stephen G.; Hughes, Jan N. – Journal of School Psychology, 2008
We investigated the effects of grade retention in first grade on the growth of the Woodcock-Johnson broad mathematics and reading scores over three years using linear growth curve modeling on an academically at-risk sample. A large sample (n=784) of first grade children who were at risk for retention was initially identified based on low literacy…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Reading Skills, Grade 1, Language Proficiency
Wu, Wei; West, Stephen G.; Hughes, Jan N. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010
In a 4-year longitudinal study, the authors investigated effects of retention in first grade on children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors; social acceptance; and behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement. From a large multiethnic sample (n = 784) of children below the median on literacy at school entrance, 124 retained children…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Longitudinal Studies, Behavior Problems, Self Efficacy
Wu, Wei; West, Stephen G.; Hughes, Jan N. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2008
The authors investigated the relatively short-term and longer term effects of grade retention in 1st grade on the growth of mathematics and reading achievement over 4 years. The authors initially identified a large multiethnic sample (n = 784) of children who were below the median in literacy at school entrance. From this sample, the authors…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Grade 1, Mathematics Achievement, Reading Achievement
