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Three Decades of Research on the Model of Investment in Applied Linguistics: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Agenda
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Anas Hajar; Mehmet Karakus – Language, Culture and Curriculum, 2025
As of 2024, nearly three decades have passed since Bonny Norton introduced the investment model. This bibliometric review analyses research on this model using metadata from 424 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. Employing bibliometric techniques, the study identifies and visually presents significant sources, countries,…
Descriptors: Bibliometrics, Databases, Applied Linguistics, Metadata
"Disinvestment" in Learners' Multilingual Identities: English Learning, Imagined Identities, and Neoliberal Subjecthood in Pakistan
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Syed Abdul Manan; Anas Hajar – Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2025
Most recent research on language learning and identity emphasizes on investing learners' capital as affordance to affirm their identities (Darvin & Norton, 2015; Norton, 2013). Learners' capital refers to prior knowledge, home literacies/native languages. Drawing on data from English language academies from Pakistan, this study finds a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
African International Students' Challenges, Investment and Identity Development at a Highly Selective EMI University in Kazakhstan
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Anas Hajar; Ali Ait Si Mhamed; Ebenezer Yeboah Owusu – Language and Education, 2025
This article documents the reflections of six African second-year master's students on their international educational experiences in Kazakhstan with a special focus on their challenges, strategic learning efforts and identity development. It is guided by Norton's conceptualisation of investment in identity, language learning, and social change.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning