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Download full textHongwei Yang; Müslim Alanoglu; Songül Karabatak; Kelly D. Bradley – International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 2025
The study took a Rasch measurement theory approach to validating the 10-item Digital Literacy Scale (DLS) using the unidimensional rating scale model (RSM). To that end, the study used the data from a sample of online Turkish university students. The study began the Rasch analysis with all 10 items in the scale and, to improve in the local…
Descriptors: Digital Literacy, Measures (Individuals), Test Validity, Foreign Countries
Direct linkSongül Karabatak; Muslim Alanoglu; Hongwei Yang; Jian Su – Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 2025
The objective of this study is to assess students' perceptions of self-directed learning (SDL) skills in online learning using the Turkish version of the Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS-T). To achieve this objective, the original SDOLS in English was translated into Turkish using the back-translation method. Subsequently, two separate…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Independent Study, Electronic Learning, Translation
Hongwei Yang; Müslim Alanoglu; Songül Karabatak; Jian Su; Kelly Bradley – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2025
This study developed and validated the Turkish version of the Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS-T) for assessing students' perceptions of their self-directed learning (SDL) ability in an online environment. Specifically, this study conducted in two stages multiple categorical confirmatory factor analyses factoring in the ordered…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Factor Analysis, Translation, Student Attitudes
