The present study examined the justifications used by children, adolescents, and adults to justify eating animals. Children (n = 100, M[superscript age] = 9.82, SD = 0.77, female n = 49) as compared to adolescents (n = 76, M[superscript age] = 14.0, SD = 1.62, female n = 36) and adults (n = 113, M[superscript age] = 44.1, SD = 14.4, female n = 54)…

More and more lately, commentators who have defended Socrates have emphasized the extent to which he uses non-rational means of educating his interlocutors, and commentators have downplayed the extent to which he means to offer arguments that provide justification or are rationally persuasive. The trend is refreshing since students of Socrates…

Argumentation is an indispensable part of scientific knowledge construction, and the inquiry laboratory is full of opportunities for argumentation. Yet, at primary schools, students learn science without any inducement to argumentation or inquiry. To fill this need, this study was aimed to develop pre-service primary teachers' understanding of and…

Language is essential for making meaning in written communication, and argument writing is a key genre of schooling to which language contributes rich resources for constructing different types of arguments. Despite being a challenging language practice, argument writing research lacks investigation into the language demands of this writing genre.…

This study focused on the use of anticipation guides (AG) as a reading strategy to support science reading and explored the level of students' scientific written arguments as a result. An AG consists of four components that address the topic of the reading activity: statements about the content, what I think, what the texts say, and evidence in…

Mathematical ideas are developed and spread during argumentative whole class discussions between a teacher and her students. The goal of the current study is to characterize how ideas about quadratic functions emerge and are spread during a whole-class discussion among ninth graders. To this end, we recorded both discussions between pairs of…

Student engagement in evidence-based argumentation plays a central role in science education. These skills can be developed when identifying organic molecules from the spectroscopic data. Molecular structural analysis fosters deep procedural knowledge, as it involves (i) flexibly applying a set of procedures to extract information from spectra,…

In the Scandinavian countries, students have a right to have their written exam results reviewed or appealed if they are not satisfied and wish to challenge the grading quality. This process is a way to ensure quality in the decision-making. However, there are significant differences between the Scandinavian countries. In Norway, in contrast to…

Do children and adults recognize the value of disagreement for learning? Across two preregistered studies (data collected 2023), 4- to 8-year-old children (N = 200, 101 females, mixed ethnicities) and adults (N = 200, 99 females, mixed ethnicities) were asked whether a protagonist would learn more by talking to someone who agrees or disagrees with…

The aim of this study is twofold: one is to examine the relationship between mathematics achievement and three sources of mathematics self-efficacy (social persuasion, vicarious experience, and physical state) separately through mastery experience as a mediator, and the other is to investigate the relationship between vicarious experience and…

Student performance, disciplinary innovation and teaching methodology occupy the main concerns of educational research. Therefore, there is a greater interest in gamification strategies, where digital tools facilitate the development of competitive activities and strengthening of learning. One example of this idea is the use of video games created…

The present study examined the influence of the technological environment and the technological mediation on argumentative interactions among university students. Eighty-two students, paired in dyads, participated in discussions on an academic task in different settings (face-to-face, chat, video call), and with or without technological mediation…

In a sample of 323 engineering students, structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships between beliefs about the nature of knowledge in science, beliefs about the process of justification for knowing in science, and argumentative reasoning about an ill-structured social-scientific issue. Beliefs about justification for…

This study aims to determine individual and process differences that influence argumentative writing with multiple texts. The participants of this study, which used a predictive correlational design, were 101 high school graduates and undergraduate students from two provinces in southeastern Turkey who voluntarily participated in the study. The…

This paper aims to reveal a teacher's actions to participate in a teaching experiment that supports collective argumentation in teaching triangles at the high school level and to present a teachers' participation in collective argumentation framework. The theoretical perspective adopted in this study is Krummheuer's (1995) collective argumentation…