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| In 2025 | 2 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
| Reports - Evaluative | 2 |
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Direct linkJulian Schuessler; Peter Selb – Sociological Methods & Research, 2025
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are now a popular tool to inform causal inferences. We discuss how DAGs can also be used to encode theoretical assumptions about nonprobability samples and survey nonresponse and to determine whether population quantities including conditional distributions and regressions can be identified. We describe sources of…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Graphs, Error of Measurement, Statistical Bias
Leslie Rutkowski; David Rutkowski – Journal of Creative Behavior, 2025
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) introduced creative thinking as an innovative domain in 2022. This paper examines the unique methodological issues in international assessments and the implications of measuring creative thinking within PISA's framework, including stratified sampling, rotated form designs, and a distinct…
Descriptors: Creativity, Creative Thinking, Measurement, Sampling
