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Direct linkStephen M. Leach; Jason C. Immekus; Jeffrey C. Valentine; Prathiba Batley; Dena Dossett; Tamara Lewis; Thomas Reece – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2025
Educators commonly use school climate survey scores to inform and evaluate interventions for equitably improving learning and reducing educational disparities. Unfortunately, validity evidence to support these (and other) score uses often falls short. In response, Whitehouse et al. proposed a collaborative, two-part validity testing framework for…
Descriptors: School Surveys, Measurement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Environment
