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Carla Contemori; Claudia Manetti; Federico Piersigilli – First Language, 2025
For children, Object Relative (OR) clauses can be late acquired across a number of languages (e.g., this is the goat that the cows are pushing), and production of non-standard ORs that include resumption is often attested (e.g., Italian; French; English). In addition, starting at age 6, children start adopting passive subject relatives (SRs)…
Descriptors: Italian, Phrase Structure, Language Acquisition, Native Language
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Amandine Hippolyte; Nicolas Ribeiro; Laure Ibernon; Nathalie Marec-Breton; Christelle Declercq – First Language, 2025
This study aimed to establish normative data for 145 words using phonological and semantic association tasks with 242 French schoolchildren, ranging from ages 5 (Grande Section) to 8 (Cours Elémentaire 2), providing a fundamental resource for future research and educational planning. The participants were engaged in two primary tasks: a free…
Descriptors: French, Phonology, Semantics, Preschool Children
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Magdalena Luniewska; Magdalena Krysztofiak; Weronika Bialek; Martyna Burdach; Ewa Komorowska; Grzegorz Krajewski; Judyta Pacewicz; Julia Radzikowska; Nina Gram Garmann; Ewa Haman – First Language, 2025
Vocabulary assessment is an important part of measuring language proficiency in both monolingual and bilingual children. The LITMUS Cross-Linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLT) provides a framework for assessing the vocabulary of monolingual and bilingual children using a standardized procedure and comparable stimuli across languages. All language…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Contrastive Linguistics, Monolingualism, Vocabulary Development