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Direct linkAarnes Gudmestad; Thomas A. Metzger – Language Learning, 2025
In this Methods Showcase Article, we illustrate mixed-effects modeling with a multinomial dependent variable as a means of explaining complexities in language. We model data on future-time reference in second language Spanish, which consists of a nominal dependent variable that has three levels, measured over 73 participants. We offer step-by-step…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Spanish, Applied Linguistics, Predictor Variables
Gregory D. Keating – Language Learning, 2025
For Spanish nouns, masculine gender is unmarked and feminine is marked. Effects of markedness on gender agreement processing are inconsistent, possibly owing to differences between online methods. This study presents a reanalysis of eye-tracking data from Keating's (2022) study on the processing of noun-adjective gender agreement in speakers of…
Descriptors: Spanish, Morphology (Languages), Form Classes (Languages), Native Language
