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Nagaletchimee Annamalai; Najah Rajeh Alsalhi; Mohd Elmagzoub Eltahir; Bilal Mohammed Zakarneh; Kamariah Yunus; Samer H. Zyoud – SAGE Open, 2025
This qualitative case study aimed to examine pre-service teachers' and teacher educators' interactions during their English grammar lessons via the WhatsApp platform. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) model was employed to categorize the WhatsApp interactions based on social, cognitive and teacher presences. Participants wrote their reflections for…
Descriptors: Computer Software, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning