Help seeking is a critical psycho-educational structure that facilitates learning and ensures the potential and sustainability of online learning environments (OLE). This research aims to develop a scale for measuring help seeking behaviour in two contexts: (1) learning process help seeking and (2) assessment process help seeking. The motivation…

Digital competencies are very significant in terms of integrating digital resources into educational processes. This study presents the validity and reliability of an instrument created by Carrera et al. (2011), in order to evaluate the basic digital competence of the three main educational agents of the educational community (teachers, students,…

The objective of this study is to assess students' perceptions of self-directed learning (SDL) skills in online learning using the Turkish version of the Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS-T). To achieve this objective, the original SDOLS in English was translated into Turkish using the back-translation method. Subsequently, two separate…

In contrast to traditional views of instructional design that are often focused on content development, researchers are increasingly exploring learning experience design (LXD) perspectives as a way to espouse a broader and more holistic view of learning. In addition to cognitive and affective perspectives, LXD includes perspectives on…

In this exploratory study, we designed and validated game-based performance tasks to assess the development of representational flexibility in autistic adolescents through virtual reality (VR)-based training. Representational flexibility, a critical cognitive ability, involves attention switching, generating representations, and recognizing…