This article proposes a critical typology of five emerging responses to artificial intelligence (AI) in language education, from prohibition and hype to critical engagement, highlighting the assumptions, tensions, and possibilities each orientation embodies. This typology serves as a reflective tool to examine how educators and institutions are…

Educational applications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for English language learning have become increasingly prevalent in K-12 classroom contexts. These tools have enormous potential to provide unique learning experiences and increase students' engagement; however, the benefits depend on appropriate implementation and use.…

As technology becomes increasingly integrated into educational settings, computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools are gaining recognition as valuable aids in language learning. This study introduces "Termsoup", a CAT application, as a tool to support learners in bridging the gap between disciplines or subject areas within English for…

This study investigates ChatGPT's efficacy in fostering autonomous ESP writing development across different proficiency levels, while systematically evaluating its strengths and limitations in enhancing specific writing competencies. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was employed with a purposively sampled cohort of 176 Saudi university…

The launch of ChatGPT has drawn public attention to the potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools due to its high accessibility and affordances. Many language teachers have attempted to integrate GenAI tools into their teaching practices. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the use of AI in the context of…

Multimodality is an important component of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. Among its myriad elements, one that has not been addressed in recent research is the importance of engaging in the creation of multimodal texts in EFL classes. This study investigates how adding lessons focused on the creation of multimodal texts in EFL…

Effective feedback plays a critical role in enhancing the writing skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This study examines the comparative effectiveness of three feedback approaches--Teacher e-feedback, AI-based feedback, and a hybrid model--in enhancing the writing performance of Iranian intermediate-level EFL learners. A…