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Sixuan Xiang; Jenny Wanyi Li; Weipeng Yang – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
This study aims to develop and validate an age-appropriate, easily manipulated, and robot-based assessment named Computational Thinking Observational Scale (CTOS) for 3- to 5-year-olds. The study sample included 46 preschoolers (M[subscript age] = 3.57 years, SD = 0.36). Expert judgment confirmed excellent content validity, yielding a Scale-level…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Robotics, Computation, Thinking Skills
Lehong Shi; Roger Hill – Journal of Technology Education, 2025
Engineering and technology teachers have advocated using robotics and coding to cultivate students' computational thinking and problem-solving skills at PreK-12 levels. Understanding teachers' perceptions of how preschool children develop strategies and skills for engaging in robotics and coding activities is crucial for promoting the early use of…
Descriptors: Robotics, Coding, Computation, Thinking Skills