Although the Community of Inquiry is a widely used instructional model for online and blended learning, there is a lack of comprehensive research on its effects on learner motivation. This study examines the relationship between CoI presences--teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence--and autonomous motivation in blended…

The "community of inquiry" framework examines the interplay between four kinds of presence (teaching, cognitive, social, and learner) to promote effective learning in online education. This paper investigates the impact of "instructor participation" ("IP"), a key component of "teaching presence," on student…

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, K12 districts implemented online professional development (PD) programs to support teachers' online teaching skills, knowledge, and self-efficacy. Many of these programs, however, over-relied on content delivery and failed to provide an online learning environment ripe for developing teachers' self-efficacy.…