This article explores the diverse epistemic perspectives on intelligence, tracing its conceptual evolution across early Indian philosophy, Western philosophical thought and contemporary computational theories. Intelligence is examined as a dynamic, multifaceted phenomenon that transcends mere cognition, extending into embodied, ecological and…

The emergence of online learning has sparked increased interest in predicting learners' academic performance to enhance teaching effectiveness and personalized learning. In this context, we propose a complex model APPMLT-CBT which aims to predict learners' performance in online learning settings. This systemic model integrates cognitive, social,…