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Melissa Paurowski; David Glassmeyer; Jihye Kim; Lateefah Id-Deen – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2025
Productive struggle is an effective mathematics teaching practice that provides students opportunities to grapple with challenging mathematical concepts, connect prior knowledge, discover new ideas, and develop their critical thinking skills. Research has documented the benefits of secondary mathematics students engaging in productive struggle.…
Descriptors: Advanced Placement Programs, Mathematics Achievement, Grade 11, Grade 12
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Stephanie Owen – Education Finance and Policy, 2025
The Advanced Placement (AP) program is widely offered in American high schools and has been touted as a way to close racial and socioeconomic gaps in educational outcomes. Using administrative data from Michigan, I exploit variation within high schools across time in AP course offerings to identify the relationship between AP course availability,…
Descriptors: Advanced Placement Programs, Equal Education, Socioeconomic Status, Social Differences