The purpose of this study was to implement an effective online learning environment based on self-determination theory (SDT) and to develop eighteen main elements of the conceptual environment. The significant difference between SDT and other motivation theories is that SDT emphasizes on how to internalize motivation, and it explores the…

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a prerequisite for successful learning. However, studies have reported that many students struggle with self-regulation in online learning, indicating the need to provide students with additional support for SRL. This study adopted a design-based research methodology to iteratively design, implement, and evaluate…

This study is significant as it seeks to establish the connection between the digital literacy levels of pre-service teachers and their teacher identities while also examining the mediating role of mobile learning in this relationship. Additionally, it explores the impact of pre-service teachers' digital literacy and learning motivations on their…

The present study explores the impact of different levels of competition involved in gamified learning on adult e-learners' intrinsic motivation, learning engagement, and language learning performance. One hundred and twenty participants were evenly and randomly assigned to two groups. A gamified learning procedure with a higher level of…

The COVID-19 pandemic and advances in technology have resulted in the emergence of online learning as a new trend in the educational sector. However, during online learning, if students cannot seek immediate assistance from teachers, the use of suitable teaching models and easy-to-understand teaching materials is crucial. To address problems…

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors of college students' learning intention when they use online learning platforms by using structural equation model (SEM), integration technology acceptance model (TAM) and planned behavior theory (TPB). With the help of this study, the development of distance online learning for college students…

Supporting learners in achieving high-level socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) in the online collaborative learning (OCL) context presents challenges that the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies may help solve. However, the effective uses of AI to support multifaceted areas (cognition, metacognition, and motivation)…

High dropout rates in online courses, caused by potential factors such as financial issues, low motivation and poor self-regulation among learners, pose a significant challenge to the sustainable development of online education. Therefore, continuance of online courses has become a critical topic in both the academic and practical fields. By…

In the digital age, online learning platforms utilizing advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence can provide more diverse and abundant educational resources compared to offline learning environments. However, online learners still face emotional expression and inertia trap problems. Knowledge co-creation virtual teachers (KCVTs) can…

Online learning as an emerging learning method has a significant impact on education, which cannot be ignored. This article explores the relationship between engagement (including cognition, behavior and emotion), motivation, environment, and college students' concentration in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 889 college…

While extant literature reveals various factors associated with student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the findings are inconsistent. A systematic review of the factors influencing student engagement in online learning during the pandemic will provide state-of-the-art knowledge of existing literature and offer future…

Motivation plays a pivotal role in students' academic success and overall performance in the learning process. However, the abrupt shift from face-to-face instruction to online learning, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, affected EFL students' motivation. To address this issue, this study aimed to explore the factors that affected students' motivation…

Motivation has been studied in many contexts and is acknowledged as one of the most significant aspects of language instruction. To increase student motivation and engagement, instructional materials, methods, and techniques are crucial to the language learning and teaching process. The current study examined how the creation of digital…

Self-directed learning enables students to take charge of their educational journey by selecting their own paths, thereby fostering intrinsic motivation. Traditional educational models often rely on extrinsic motivators like grades and rewards, whereas self-directed approaches emphasize personal satisfaction and curiosity. Review of existing…

This research aimed to determine the effects of motivational scaffolding and adaptive scaffolding on academic and online self-efficacy in learners interacting with a multimedia learning environment within the field of technology. The study involved 146 students from four tenth-grade classes at a public institution in the municipality of Soacha…