Background: Technology advancement changes not only interpreting practices but also its pedagogy, which has long been criticised for lacking authenticity in/out-of-classroom practices. Objective: This empirical research aims to develop a mobile-assisted language learning application powered by extended reality (XR). Shortened as 'XR MALL', this…

This paper presents an investigation into the integration of virtual reality (VR) tours in online English lessons tailored for adult learners. The study utilised a design-based research approach to evaluate the effectiveness of VR tours in this context. It specifically examined the responses of adult learners to this instructional strategy by…

Background: AR allows users to experience a digital world that blends seamlessly with the physical world, creating an immersive and interactive experience. This is directly in line with the principles of Situated Learning Theory (SLT) that aim to put students in authentic situations in which they can be actively immersed in real-world activities.…

Integrating improved technologies such as augmented reality (AR) within flipped classes has gained popularity among scholars. This study was carried out to examine the effect of AR-based instruction on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' speaking skills in online flipped and face-to-face classes. To this end, out of 65 students who had…

Virtual reality (VR) has fundamentally changed how students interact with their subjects and learn because it offers an immersive learning environment. This qualitative study aims at exploring Omani English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' perceptions of using VR. It employed semi-structured interviews with 20 schoolteachers working in…

Although Global Englishes (GE) research continues to grow in English language teaching (ELT), the role of technology in enhancing GE awareness remains underexplored. Addressing this gap, the study investigates the potential of English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in raising GE awareness. Using a…

Background: This study examines the evolution of English speaking proficiency test methods, which have traditionally relied on face-to-face interactions to assess communicative language competence. Recently, computer-based language tests have also been used on a larger scale, albeit with concerns about their impact on measurement. Objectives: This…

This research examined the possibility of using Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Total Physical Response (TPR) as a new method of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. This study sought to explore the potential benefits of this integration of methodologies in order to facilitate…

We investigated the extent to which English learners developed knowledge of pragmatically-appropriate request-making forms through task-based gameplay involving virtual dialogues with fictional professors, employers, and friends on a virtual US campus. The digital game presents players with several scenarios, asking them to select the most…

The present investigation aimed to assess the use of scaffolding strategies by young English as a second language learners who carried out communicative tasks in the context of high-immersive virtual reality (HVR) (Kaplan-Rakowski & Gruber, 2019). More specifically, 24 students enrolled in an intensive program in the province of Quebec,…

Despite increasing calls for integrating generative AI (GAI) into education, individual teachers still show disparate attitudes and actions. It is thereby pivotal to understand the reasons behind such divergent responses. However, factors affecting teachers' uptake of GAI in their instruction, particularly their endorsement of students' engagement…

The objectives of this research were to (1) Develop the lesson plans by using a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, (2) Compare the grammar achievement after implementing a Flipped Classroom through a 3D Virtual classroom with Metaverse Spatial, and (3) Explore the students' satisfaction for using a 3D virtual…

Augmented reality (AR) is an immersive, interactive, and engaging advanced information technology and it is widely used in language learning. Although several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of AR in EFL learners' language gains, these research findings are inconsistent. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis to analyze to what…

This study investigates the impact of augmented reality (AR) on vocabulary and content learning, as well as attitudes, in a content and language integrated learning (CLIL) setting. The research, based on convenience sampling, involved 162 secondary education students from three schools, divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group…

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an AR application (Civilisations AR) on EFL learners' oral proficiency in the dimensions of content, fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, as well as their attitudes and perceptions toward AR technology. Design: Utilizing a quasi-experiment, twenty-four EFL learners engaged in a…