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Timothy R. Konold; Elizabeth A. Sanders; Kelvin Afolabi – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
Measurement invariance (MI) is an essential part of validity evidence concerned with ensuring that tests function similarly across groups, contexts, and time. Most evaluations of MI involve multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) that assume simple structure. However, recent research has shown that constraining non-target indicators to…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Error of Measurement, Validity, Monte Carlo Methods
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Philipp Sterner; Kim De Roover; David Goretzko – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
When comparing relations and means of latent variables, it is important to establish measurement invariance (MI). Most methods to assess MI are based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Recently, new methods have been developed based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA); most notably, as extensions of multi-group EFA, researchers introduced…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Measurement Techniques, Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Models
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Esra Sözer Boz – Education and Information Technologies, 2025
International large-scale assessments provide cross-national data on students' cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics. A critical methodological issue that often arises in comparing data from cross-national studies is ensuring measurement invariance, indicating that the construct under investigation is the same across the compared groups.…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, International Assessment, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students
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Dandan Tang; Steven M. Boker; Xin Tong – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
The replication crisis in social and behavioral sciences has raised concerns about the reliability and validity of empirical studies. While research in the literature has explored contributing factors to this crisis, the issues related to analytical tools have received less attention. This study focuses on a widely used analytical tool -…
Descriptors: Test Validity, Factor Analysis, Replication (Evaluation), Social Science Research
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Mohammad Mehdi Latifi; Dariush Tahmasebi Aghbelaghi; Sajad Khani Pordanjani – European Journal of Education, 2025
The present study sought to assess the psychometric properties of the Iranian adaptation of the Vietnam Teacher Resilience Scale for Asia (VITRS), referred to as the Iranian Teachers' Resilience Scale (ITRS) and to examine its measurement invariance across middle and high school teachers in Iran. In total, 700 participants completed the…
Descriptors: Resilience (Psychology), Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Teacher Attitudes
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Manuel T. Rein; Jeroen K. Vermunt; Kim De Roover; Leonie V. D. E. Vogelsmeier – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
Researchers often study dynamic processes of latent variables in everyday life, such as the interplay of positive and negative affect over time. An intuitive approach is to first estimate the measurement model of the latent variables, then compute factor scores, and finally use these factor scores as observed scores in vector autoregressive…
Descriptors: Measurement Techniques, Factor Analysis, Scores, Validity
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Fatih Orçan – International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 2025
Factor analysis is a statistical method to explore the relationships among observed variables and identify latent structures. It is crucial in scale development and validity analysis. Key factors affecting the accuracy of factor analysis results include the type of data, sample size, and the number of response categories. While some studies…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Factor Structure, Item Response Theory, Sample Size
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Cristian Zanon; Nan Zhao; Nursel Topkaya; Ertugrul Sahin; David L. Vogel; Melissa M. Ertl; Samineh Sanatkar; Hsin-Ya Liao; Mark Rubin; Makilim N. Baptista; Winnie W. S. Mak; Fatima Rashed Al-Darmaki; Georg Schomerus; Ying-Fen Wang; Dalia Nasvytiene – International Journal of Testing, 2025
Examinations of the internal structure of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) have yielded inconsistent conclusions within and across cultural contexts. This study examined the dimensionality and reliability of the DASS-21 across three theoretically plausible factor structures (i.e., unidimensional, oblique three-factor, and…
Descriptors: Anxiety, Depression (Psychology), Psychometrics, Cultural Context
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Yanjing Cao; Chenchen Xu; Shan Lu; Qi Li; Jing Xiao – Psychology in the Schools, 2025
The patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is widely utilized in assessing individuals' depression levels. Nevertheless, research regarding its factor structure and measurement invariance remains inadequate. The aim of this study was to delve into the factor structure of the PHQ-9 and to further investigate its measurement invariance across gender…
Descriptors: Factor Structure, Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Age Differences
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Pere J. Ferrando; David Navarro-González; Fabia Morales-Vives – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2025
The problem of local item dependencies (LIDs) is very common in personality and attitude measures, particularly in those that measure narrow-bandwidth dimensions. At the structural level, these dependencies can be modeled by using extended factor analytic (FA) solutions that include correlated residuals. However, the effects that LIDs have on the…
Descriptors: Scores, Accuracy, Evaluation Methods, Factor Analysis
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Maritza Casas; Stephen G. Sireci – International Journal of Testing, 2025
In this study, we take a critical look at the degree to which the measurement of bullying and sense of belonging at school is invariant across groups of students defined by immigrant status. Our study focuses on the invariance of these constructs as measured on a recent PISA administration and includes a discussion of two statistical methods for…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Immigrants, Peer Groups, Bullying
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Yeon Ha Kim – Journal of Early Adolescence, 2025
This study aimed to introduce an ego-resiliency questionnaire for preadolescents (the ER-P) by restructuring the ER89 using the data of 1398 preadolescents from the Panel Study on Korean Children. The ER-P was proposed as a 10-item second-order instrument with two factors (Optimal Regulation and Openness to Life Experiences). The ER-P achieved…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Resilience (Psychology), Preadolescents, Asians
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John B. Buncher; Jayson M. Nissen; Ben Van Dusen; Robert M. Talbot – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2025
Research-based assessments (RBAs) allow researchers and practitioners to compare student performance across different contexts and institutions. In recent years, research attention has focused on the student populations these RBAs were initially developed with because much of that research was done with "samples of convenience" that were…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Physics, Comparative Analysis, Gender Differences