Studying language learning beliefs plays an important role in language learning research. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the system of meanings that underlie the gender differences in the beliefs about people involved in foreign language learning. In our study, we used the semantic differential to study beliefs about people involved in…

In three studies, college student participants read a description of ambiguous (i.e., neither explicitly positive nor explicitly negative) academic feedback from a faculty member. Evaluations of the ambiguous feedback were compared across participants' gender identities and levels of social and intellectual belonging in their academic majors and…