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Tenko Raykov; Ahmed Haddadi; Christine DiStefano; Mohammed Alqabbaa – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2025
This note is concerned with the study of temporal development in several indices reflecting clustering effects in multilevel designs that are frequently utilized in educational and behavioral research. A latent variable method-based approach is outlined, which can be used to point and interval estimate the growth or decline in important functions…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Research, Statistical Inference