The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RICLPM) decomposes longitudinal associations between two processes X and Y into stable between-person associations and temporal within-person changes. In a recent study, Bailey et al. demonstrated through a simulation study that the between-person variance components in the RICLPM can occur only due…

Research on self-assessment has overwhelmingly conceptualized it as a product and treated students as a homogeneous group, restraining our understanding of the topic. To address this gap, this study aimed to identify different student profiles based on their self-assessment and to examine how it related to their learning achievement over time.…