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Direct linkChunhua Cao; Yan Wang; Eunsook Kim – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2025
Multilevel factor mixture modeling (FMM) is a hybrid of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multilevel latent class analysis (LCA). It allows researchers to examine population heterogeneity at the within level, between level, or both levels. This tutorial focuses on explicating the model specification of multilevel FMM that considers…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Factor Analysis, Nonparametric Statistics, Statistical Analysis
Tong Wu; Stella Y. Kim; Carl Westine; Michelle Boyer – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2025
While significant attention has been given to test equating to ensure score comparability, limited research has explored equating methods for rater-mediated assessments, where human raters inherently introduce error. If not properly addressed, these errors can undermine score interchangeability and test validity. This study proposes an equating…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Evaluators, Error of Measurement, Test Validity
