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Marjo Sirén; Sari Sulkunen – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2025
This study examined which aspects of critical literacy are focused on in the reading literacy assessment for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 and what kinds of texts are related to the critical literacy items in the test. Based on theory-oriented qualitative content analysis, critical literacy items in PISA…
Descriptors: International Assessment, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students
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Kristen Michelson; James F. Lee; Mourad Abdennebi – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Recent scholarship in multiliteracies-oriented pedagogies has advocated for greater attention to fostering 'textual thinking', understood as forms of literacy that consider the complexities of semiotic choices made by authors, and their underlying meanings, rhetorical purposes, and cultural contexts. This kind of engagement with texts calls upon…
Descriptors: Protocol Analysis, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Semiotics
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Emily Di Zhang; Shulin Yu – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2025
While research on digital multimodal composing (DMC) has been skewed towards the instructional design and affordances of DMC for L2 learners, there is a wider need to develop conceptual models of L2 DMC competence, with which L2 learners can successfully design DMC works and respond to the multimodal reading and writing demands of the digital era.…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Writing Instruction, Multiple Literacies