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Time out as a Regulated and Specified Element of Child Care Licensing Policy: Are Policies Aligned with the Research Base?
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Martha Buell; Stephanie Kuntz – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2025
Decades of research has documented the negative effects of physical punishment, including spanking (Heilmann et al., 2021). Since 1998, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has endorsed the use of time out from positive reinforcement (TO) as an alternative to corporal punishment (Sege et al., 2018). Despite urging at the federal level…
Descriptors: Child Care, Certification, Punishment, Positive Reinforcement