This study aimed to develop a prediction model to classify students based on their academic procrastination tendencies, which were measured and classified as low and high using a self-report tool developed based on the students' assignment submission behaviours logged in the learning management system's database. The students' temporal learning…

Parental involvement is essential to children's learning engagement activities and academic performance. Much research revolves around the impact of parental involvement on students' academic performance or the relationship between student engagement and grades. However, few studies have used process data to examine the relationship between…

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a method to evaluate a student's knowledge state (KS) based on their historical problem-solving records by predicting the next answer's binary correctness. Although widely applied to closed-ended questions, it lacks a detailed option tracing (OT) method for assessing multiple-choice questions (MCQs). This paper introduces…

Language learner engagement, which is receiving increased attention, has predominantly focused on offline classroom contexts, while learner engagement in language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs) remains under-explored. This study was conducted on a College English MOOC with the purpose of examining learner engagement and its relations with…