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Miriam G. Clark; Benjamin G. Gibbs – Educational Policy, 2025
Many U.S. schools utilize grade retention (repeating grades when not meeting academic benchmarks) to allow more time for students to learn grade level material. However, some research suggests retention may increase inequalities and not help students progress. We use national data (Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study 2014-2017) and…
Descriptors: Student Promotion, At Risk Students, Grade Repetition, Metropolitan Areas