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Direct linkMartha Buell; Stephanie Kuntz – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2025
Decades of research has documented the negative effects of physical punishment, including spanking (Heilmann et al., 2021). Since 1998, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has endorsed the use of time out from positive reinforcement (TO) as an alternative to corporal punishment (Sege et al., 2018). Despite urging at the federal level…
Descriptors: Child Care, Certification, Punishment, Positive Reinforcement
Sofiya Alhassan; Luke Sudarsky; Gaurav Dangol; Wanjiang Zhou; Althea Turley; Ann-Marie Sylvia; Holly Laws – Child Care in Practice, 2025
Background: Toddlers spend a significant portion of their time within the childcare setting being sedentary. Therefore, interventions are needed to improve toddlers' physical activity (PA) within this setting. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 10-week activity program on toddlers' time…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Physical Activity Level, Program Effectiveness, Child Care Centers
