This study aimed to adapt and examine the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Coping with "Children's Negative Emotions Scale -- Teacher Version" (CNNES-T), which assesses the levels of early childhood (EC) teachers' perception of their reactions towards young children's negative emotions. For this purpose, two studies were…

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the emotional-style scale and explore different clusters of emotional styles. An emotional style scale was completed in three districts of western Taiwan using stratified random sampling. The study confirmed the reliability and convergent validity of each subscale in a sample of 712…

Introduction: In recent years, the incorporation of novelty as a psychological need and the study of the frustration of needs have become a recurring theme in the research on psychological needs in the educational environment. Currently, there are two scales available to assess the frustration of basic psychological needs (FBN) in the context of…