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Jie Qin; Dilin Liu – Applied Linguistics, 2025
In response to calls for an assessment tool that provides a separate performance dimension from the linguistic quality-oriented measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) and guided by systemic functional linguistic (SFL) theories, this study introduces a set of fine-grained objective measures of communication/content/function…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Linguistic Theory
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Trina D. Spencer; Megan S. Kirby; Anna R. Garcia; Becca Sturm – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2025
There are several benefits for Dual Language Learners (DLLs) when their home language is integrated into classroom instruction. For example, instruction in students' home language facilitates the learning of the new language more rapidly and supports bilingualism. One way to enhance young children's language learning is to engage families in home…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Native Language, Spanish
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Ali Soyoof; Barry Lee Reynolds; Michelle M. Neumann; Boris Vazquez-Calvo – Early Childhood Education Journal, 2025
Previous research has acknowledged that informal digital learning of English (IDLE) between parents and children can play an important role in children's first and second language (L1 and L2) learning. However, most previous parent-child studies have been conducted in Western countries where English is the child's first language. This study aimed…
Descriptors: Mothers, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Foreign Countries, Parents as Teachers