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Direct linkHengzhi Hu; Nur Ehsan Mohd Said; Harwati Hashim – SAGE Open, 2025
Foreign language (L2) learners' speaking proficiency is often quantified using two dimensions: intuitive human ratings and analytical, linguistic complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) indices. While previous research and assessment practices have predominantly focused on either the subjective approach to L2 speaking or the objective one, it is…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Speech Tests, English (Second Language), Accuracy
