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Haeju Lee; Kyung Yong Kim – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2025
When no prior information of differential item functioning (DIF) exists for items in a test, either the rank-based or iterative purification procedure might be preferred. The rank-based purification selects anchor items based on a preliminary DIF test. For a preliminary DIF test, likelihood ratio test (LRT) based approaches (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Test Items, Equated Scores, Test Bias, Accuracy
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Tom Benton – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2025
This paper proposes an extension of linear equating that may be useful in one of two fairly common assessment scenarios. One is where different students have taken different combinations of test forms. This might occur, for example, where students have some free choice over the exam papers they take within a particular qualification. In this…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Test Format, Test Items, Computation
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Lingbo Tong; Wen Qu; Zhiyong Zhang – Grantee Submission, 2025
Factor analysis is widely utilized to identify latent factors underlying the observed variables. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of two widely used methods for determining the optimal number of factors in factor analysis, the K1 rule, and parallel analysis, along with a more recently developed method, the bass-ackward method.…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Monte Carlo Methods, Statistical Analysis, Sample Size