Architectural design representations comprise physical (models, drawings) and digital media (3D models). Multimodal combinations of physical and digital representations are commonplace in professional contexts such as design reviews or building sites, and 'making sense' of these assemblies requires complex socio-cognitive processes and…

Teachers are increasingly using augmented reality (AR) to develop students' higher-order thinking (HOT). As past studies showed mixed results, our "random effects meta-analysis" of 21 effect sizes from 17 studies of 1256 participants determined the overall effect of AR on HOT and accounted for differences across studies via moderator…

The purpose of this research is to develop the use of Virtual Reality (VR) and fieldwork with teenagers in two compulsory schools in the capital city area of Iceland. The study aims to understand how teenagers succeed in an enquiry driven work combining simple digital tools, such as mobile phones, when making 360° photos, analysing opportunities…

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of using gamification implemented in immersive virtual reality for the promotion of library services in the university library including knowledge acquisition, knowledge retention and user engagement. In terms of research procedure, we divided the participants into Gamified and…

Augmented Reality (AR) technologies allow for holograms to be layered over the real-world, "augmenting" human vision by adding technical information or illustrations onto 3D space. Although AR-based applications are showing positive effects in many systematic reviews and meta-analyses, well-designed, rigorous studies with strong control…

Basketball tactical patterns are typically taught using tools such as 2D tactical boards. Rapid decision-making in a team depends on the ability to connect two-dimensional (2D) third-person positions with three-dimensional (3D) first-person perspectives. This study develops a support system that offers a virtual environment to enhance the…

Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) can help students visualise and explore complex chemical concepts, such as protein enzyme structures and interactions. We designed a set of collaborative iVR-based learning tasks on the interaction between a protein enzyme and its substrate. We investigated how 18 pairs (36 students) in undergraduate chemistry…

This study aims to explain the Metaverse application development process for teaching geometry in a virtual reality environment. The application was developed based on the instructional design model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation phases. The target group was secondary school students. During the analysis…

Learning cardiac morphology largely involves spatial abilities and studies indicate benefits from innovative 3D visualization technologies that speed up and increase the learning output. Studies comparing these teaching tools and their educational output are rare and few studies include complex congenital heart defects. This study compared the…

The traditional educational approaches in art classrooms have increasingly fallen short of addressing the needs of learners in an era marked by rapid technological advancements. Augmented reality (AR), as a leading representative of these emerging technologies, has recently been integrated into traditional educational methods, repeatedly…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and Augmented Reality (AR) have become greatly popular in current scenario, especially for helping students in mastering difficult subjects through a variety of different methods with the implementation of smart algorithms. There are many papers in the current literature that discuss the ITS architecture and the…

Extant literature has preliminarily confirmed the potential benefits of holographic projections for educational purposes. Yet, students' experiences of learning by holographic projection have rarely been addressed. The main purpose of this study was therefore to explore students' conceptions of and approaches to learning by holographic projection.…

Background: Enjoyment and epistemic emotions are essential in education as they drive learners to actively and persistently engage with learning material. Augmented Reality (hereinafter referred to as AR) is an emerging educational tool that offers unique opportunities for immersive learning experiences. By incorporating AR into the learning…

Researchers often study dynamic processes of latent variables in everyday life, such as the interplay of positive and negative affect over time. An intuitive approach is to first estimate the measurement model of the latent variables, then compute factor scores, and finally use these factor scores as observed scores in vector autoregressive…

Traditional methods of teaching religion often fail to capture the sensory and spatial dimensions of religious practices, leaving students with abstract understandings disconnected from lived experiences. This study pilots the use of extended reality resources--immersive 360-degree videos, enhanced video interviews, and virtual tours--as tools for…