This comprehensive literature review provides a synthesized analysis of the career progression of public school teachers in the Philippines. The review systematically examines the key policies that form the foundation of this progression, the officially established pathways for advancement, the available professional development initiatives, and the influencing factors and persistent challenges that teachers face. The findings reveal a significant disconnect: while foundational policies like the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) and the Expanded Career Progression (ECP) System signify a strategic shift towards structured professionalization, their successful implementation is hampered by the persistent challenges of inadequate financial support for further studies and a lack of relevant institutional resources. Ultimately, this paper argues that bridging the critical gap between policy intent and practical implementation is essential for the success of this strategic shift and the genuine career advancement of teachers.