The integration of technology into education, though beneficial, has also raised concerns about academic dishonesty. Digital tools and platforms provide new opportunities for students to engage in behaviors that could undermine academic integrity. Understanding why students commit these acts is crucial for designing effective policies to mitigate…

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a transformative tool for EFL speaking instruction. However, prior research lacks robust empirical investigations into how distinct NLP tools independently enhance adaptability, accuracy, and fluency--particularly through controlled, large-scale interventions. Most studies focus on short-term…