Communication Apprehension (CA) is a pervasive challenge that significantly affects students, particularly those pursuing higher education in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. This study serves a threefold purpose: (1) to quantify and compare the levels of CA experienced by students across different EFL educational levels, (2) to…

Anxiety can impact overall performance and persistence in college. Student response systems (SRSs), real-time active-learning technologies used to engage students and gauge their understanding, have been shown to elicit anxiety for some students. Kahoot! is an SRS technology that differs from others in that it involves gamification, the use of…