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Foorman, Barbara R.; Petscher, Yaacov; Schatschneider, Chris – Florida Center for Reading Research, 2015
The grades K-2 Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR) Reading Assessment (FRA) consists of computer-adaptive alphabetic and oral language screening tasks that provide a Probability of Literacy Success (PLS) linked to grade-level performance (i.e., the 40th percentile) on the word reading (in kindergarten) or reading comprehension (in grades…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Reading Tests, Kindergarten, Grade 1
Ryan, Joseph; Brockmann, Frank – Council of Chief State School Officers, 2009
Equating is an essential tool in educational assessment due the critical role it plays in several key areas: establishing validity across forms and years; fairness; test security; and, increasingly, continuity in programs that release items or require ongoing development. Although the practice of equating is rooted in long standing practices that…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Test Theory, Item Response Theory, Educational Assessment