This research examined parents' involvement in children's math homework and activities. During 2017 to 2019, American parents (N = 483; 80% mothers; 67% white) of young elementary school children (M[subscript age] = 7.47 years; 50% girls) reported on their math helping self-efficacy; they also reported on their involvement in children's math…

In order to broaden findings beyond high-income countries, this study used path models to test associations between parent involvement and student achievement in Brazil using a 2017 census of public school students in fifth grade (N = 2,167,729, M[subscript age] = 11, 49 % female, 44% "Parda," 29% White, 11% Black, 3% Asian, 3%…

In 2 studies, an expectancy-value framework was applied to investigate effort expended on mathematics homework. In Study 1 (2,712 students in grades 5, 7, and 9; mean age=13.37 years), lower homework effort was found in higher grades. The effects of intrinsic value on homework effort were higher in the older cohorts, whereas the effects of the…