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V. Paul Poteat; Jerel P. Calzo; S. Henry Sherwood; Robert A. Marx; Michael D. O'Brien; Anya Dangora; Linda Salgin; Arthur Lipkin – Child Development, 2023
Hope is considered a marker of resilience among youth facing oppression, including LGBTQ+ youth. This 8-week weekly diary study among 94 LGBTQ+ youth (ages 14-19; M[subscript age] = 15.91, 46% youth of color, 44% transgender or nonbinary) in 2021 considered whether a youth's meeting-to-meeting experiences in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs;…
Descriptors: Student Organizations, Student Participation, Psychological Patterns, LGBTQ People
Cuartas, Jorge; Weissman, David G.; Sheridan, Margaret A.; Lengua, Liliana; McLaughlin, Katie A. – Child Development, 2021
Spanking remains common around the world, despite evidence linking corporal punishment to detrimental child outcomes. This study tested whether children (M[subscript age] = 11.60) who were spanked (N = 40) exhibited altered neural function in response to stimuli that suggest the presence of an environmental threat compared to children who were not…
Descriptors: Punishment, Child Development, Neurological Organization, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Engle, Jae; Baker-Harvey, Hazel; Nguyen, Hieu-Kevin; Carney, Hunter; Stavropoulos, Katherine; Carver, Leslie J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3- to 4-year-olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward-related stimuli was measured via…
Descriptors: Brain, Preschool Children, Stimuli, Rewards
Meijer, Anna; Königs, Marsh; Pouwels, Petra J. W.; Smith, Joanne; Visscher, Chris; Bosker, Roel J.; Hartman, Esther; Oosterlaan, Jaap – Child Development, 2022
Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance are related to neurocognitive functioning by influencing brain structure and functioning. This study investigates the role of resting-state networks (RSNs) in the relation of cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning in…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Human Body, Physical Fitness, Cognitive Psychology
Laninga-Wijnen, Lydia; Harakeh, Zeena; Garandeau, Claire F.; Dijkstra, Jan K.; Veenstra, René; Vollebergh, Wilma A. M. – Child Development, 2019
This study examined the coevolution of prosocial and aggressive popularity norms with popularity hierarchy (asymmetries in students' popularity). Cross-lagged-panel analyses were conducted on 2,843 secondary school students (N[subscript classrooms] = 120; M[subscript age] = 13.18; 51.3% girls). Popularity hierarchy predicted relative change in…
Descriptors: Prosocial Behavior, Aggression, Peer Acceptance, Secondary School Students
Yaple, Zachary; Arsalidou, Marie – Child Development, 2018
The "n"-back task is likely the most popular measure of working memory for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Despite accumulating neuroimaging studies with the "n"-back task and children, its neural representation is still unclear. fMRI studies that used the "n"-back were compiled, and data from…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Visual Aids, Short Term Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Riggins, Tracy; Blankenship, Sarah L.; Mulligan, Elizabeth; Rice, Katherine; Redcay, Elizabeth – Child Development, 2015
Episodic memory shows striking improvement during early childhood. However, neural contributions to these behavioral changes are not well understood. This study examined associations between episodic memory and volume of subregions (head, body, and tail) of the hippocampus--a structure known to support episodic memory in school-aged children and…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Young Children
Poteat, V. Paul; Yoshikawa, Hirokazu; Calzo, Jerel P.; Gray, Mary L.; DiGiovanni, Craig D.; Lipkin, Arthur; Mundy-Shephard, Adrienne; Perrotti, Jeff; Scheer, Jillian R.; Shaw, Matthew P. – Child Development, 2015
Gay-straight alliances (GSAs) may promote resilience. Yet, what GSA components predict well-being? Among 146 youth and advisors in 13 GSAs (58% lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning; 64% White; 38% received free/reduced-cost lunch), student (demographics, victimization, attendance frequency, leadership, support, control), advisor (years served,…
Descriptors: Homosexuality, Sexual Orientation, Student Organizations, Well Being
Best, John R.; Miller, Patricia H. – Child Development, 2010
This review article examines theoretical and methodological issues in the construction of a developmental perspective on executive function (EF) in childhood and adolescence. Unlike most reviews of EF, which focus on preschoolers, this review focuses on studies that include large age ranges. It outlines the development of the foundational…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability
Gershoff, Elizabeth T.; Grogan-Kaylor, Andrew; Lansford, Jennifer E.; Chang, Lei; Zelli, Arnaldo; Deater-Deckard, Kirby; Dodge, Kenneth A. – Child Development, 2010
This study examined the associations of 11 discipline techniques with children's aggressive and anxious behaviors in an international sample of mothers and children from 6 countries and determined whether any significant associations were moderated by mothers' and children's perceived normativeness of the techniques. Participants included 292…
Descriptors: Discipline, Mothers, Foreign Countries, Timeout
Liu, David; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Wellman, Henry M. – Child Development, 2009
Theory of mind requires an understanding of both desires and beliefs. Moreover, children understand desires before beliefs. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this developmental lag. Additionally, previous neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have neglected the direct comparison of these developmentally critical mental-state…
Descriptors: Brain, Neurological Organization, Children, Developmental Stages
Sabbagh, Mark A.; Bowman, Lindsay C.; Evraire, Lyndsay E.; Ito, Jennie M. B. – Child Development, 2009
Baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected from twenty-nine 4-year-old children who also completed batteries of representational theory-of-mind (RTM) tasks and executive functioning (EF) tasks. Neural sources of children's EEG alpha (6-9 Hz) were estimated and analyzed to determine whether individual differences in regional EEG alpha…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Neurological Organization, Cognitive Development, Diagnostic Tests
Liu, David; Sabbagh, Mark A.; Gehring, William J.; Wellman, Henry M. – Child Development, 2009
Young children show significant changes in their mental-state understanding as marked by their performance on false-belief tasks. This study provides evidence for activity in the prefrontal cortex associated with the development of this ability. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded as adults (N = 24) and 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Young Children, Child Development, Neurological Organization
Ferrari, Pier Francesco; Paukner, Annika; Ruggiero, Angela; Darcey, Lisa; Unbehagen, Sarah; Suomi, Stephen J. – Child Development, 2009
The capacity to imitate facial gestures is highly variable in rhesus macaques and this variability may be related to differences in specific neurobehavioral patterns of development. This study evaluated the differential neonatal imitative response of 41 macaques in relation to the development of sensory, motor, and cognitive skills throughout the…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Imitation, Individual Differences, Animals
Saxe, Rebecca R.; Whitfield-Gabrieli, Susan; Scholz, Jonathan; Pelphrey, Kevin A. – Child Development, 2009
Neuroimaging studies with adults have identified cortical regions recruited when people think about other people's thoughts (theory of mind): temporo-parietal junction, posterior cingulate, and medial prefrontal cortex. These same regions were recruited in 13 children aged 6-11 years when they listened to sections of a story describing a…
Descriptors: Children, Auditory Stimuli, Motion, Responses
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