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Download full textSheehan, Kathleen M.; Kostin, Irene; Futagi, Yoko; Flor, Michael – Educational Testing Service, 2010
The Common Core Standards call for students to be exposed to a much greater level of text complexity than has been the norm in schools for the past 40 years. Textbook publishers, teachers, and assessment developers are being asked to refocus materials and methods to ensure that students are challenged to read texts at steadily increasing…
Descriptors: Automation, Content Analysis, Difficulty Level, Readability Formulas
Attali, Yigal – Educational Testing Service, 2011
This paper proposes an alternative content measure for essay scoring, based on the "difference" in the relative frequency of a word in high-scored versus low-scored essays. The "differential word use" (DWU) measure is the average of these differences across all words in the essay. A positive value indicates the essay is using…
Descriptors: Scoring, Essay Tests, Word Frequency, Content Analysis
