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Direct linkKateryn Rannu; Aleksandra Ljalikova; Katrin Poom-Valickis – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
Despite Estonia being ranked among the highest performing nations in the world-wide testing of students, these encouraging results are somewhat overshadowed by the challenge to overcome the divided school system with different languages of learning that impacts crucially on students' social, academic and professional paths. The study examines…
Descriptors: Teacher Attitudes, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries
Monfared, Abbas – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2022
This paper investigates the attitudes of 246 English teachers from Outer and Expanding Circles (EC and OC) towards the global spread of English and the challenges underpinning international proficiency tests. Using a questionnaire, supplemented with interviews with a smaller group of teachers, this study explores how EC and OC teachers perceive…
Descriptors: Language Teachers, Teacher Attitudes, English (Second Language), Language Variation
Zhao, Xueyu; Solano-Flores, Guillermo – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
We investigated whether consensus-based test translation review procedures can be used effectively in cultural contexts with high social stratification. We staged two test translation review panels in China -- where social stratification may potentially inhibit individuals' ability to express opinion and disagreement. We adapted a consensus-based…
Descriptors: Translation, Test Construction, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries
